1 Statement of significant accounting policies (continued) Current tax assets and liabilities are offset where a legally enforceable right of set-off exists and it is intended that net settlement or simultaneous realisation and settlement of the respective asset and liability will occur. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where a legally enforceable right of set-off exists, the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where it is intended that net settlement or simultaneous realisation and settlement of the respective asset and liability will occur in future years in which significant amounts of deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be recovered or settled. Where the Group receives the Australian Government’s Research and Development Tax Incentive, the Group accounts for the refundable tax offset under AASB 112. Funds are received as a rebate through the Group’s income tax return. ii. Goods and Services Tax (GST) Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of GST, except where the amount of GST incurred is not recoverable from the Australian Taxation Office or Inland Revenue Department (NZ). In these circumstances, the GST is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of an item of the expense. Receivables and payables in the statement of financial position are shown inclusive of GST. The net amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the Australian Taxation Office or Inland Revenue Department (NZ) is included as a current asset or liability in the statement of financial position. Cash flows are presented in the statement of cash flows on a gross basis, except for the GST component of investing and financing activities, which are disclosed as operating cash flows. f. Fair Value i. Fair value of Assets and Liabilities The Group measures some of its assets and liabilities at fair value on either a recurring or non-recurring basis, depending on the requirements of the applicable AASB. Fair value is the price the Group would receive to sell an asset or would have to pay to transfer a liability in an orderly unforced transaction between independent, knowledgeable and willing market participants at the measurement date. As fair value is a market-based measure, the closest equivalent observable market pricing information is used to determine fair value. Adjustments to market values may be made having regard to the characteristics of the specific asset or liability. The fair values of assets and liabilities that are not traded in an active market are determined using one or more valuation techniques. These valuation techniques maximise, to the extent possible, the use of observable market data. To the extent possible, market information is extracted from either the principal market for the asset or liability (i.e. the market with the greatest volume and level of activity for the asset or liability) or, in the absence of such a market, the most advantageous market available to the entity at the end of the reporting period (i.e. the market that maximises the receipts from the sale of the asset or minimises the payments made to transfer the liability, after taking into account transaction costs and transport costs). For non-financial assets, the fair value measurement also takes into account a market participant’s ability to use the asset in its highest and best use or to sell it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use. The fair value of liabilities and the entity’s own equity instruments (excluding those related to share-based payment arrangements) may be valued, where there is no observable market price in relation to the transfer of such financial instruments, by reference to observable market information where such instruments are held as assets. Where this information is not available, other valuation techniques are adopted and, where significant, are detailed in the respective note to the financial statements. ii. Fair value hierarchy AASB 13 Fair Value Measurement requires the disclosure of fair value information by level of the fair value hierarchy, which categorises fair value measurements into one of three possible levels based on the lowest level that an input that is significant to the measurement can be categorised into as follows: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Measurements based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date. Measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Measurements based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 Siren Gold Limited 54
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